Laravel Tutorials / April 02, 2018

Laravel Route Tips to Improve Your Routing

The Laravel router has a great, well-polished API when you first dive into Laravel as a beginner or newcomer to the framework. What follows is not anything hidden or new, but a few tips that should help you when you’re learning Laravel 5.

The documentation is excellent, and the tips that follow supplement and piece together a few parts that will help you get a quick jumpstart on learning how to use routing in your Laravel applications.

Custom Namespaces

As outlined in the documentation, if you want a group of routes to use a namespace like App\Http\Controllers\Admin, you can define a namespace using the fluent routing API introduced in Laravel 5.4:

Route::namespace('Admin')->group(function () {
    // Controllers Within The "App\Http\Controllers\Admin" Namespace
});

This is exactly the technique used in the RouteServiceProvider found in each Laravel project:

protected function mapWebRoutes()
{
    Route::middleware('web')
         ->namespace($this->namespace)
         ->group(base_path('routes/web.php'));
}

Because the routes/web.php file has a namespace, our Admin namespace relatively.

To create controllers in the App\Http\Controllers\Admin, you can run the following console command:

php artisan make:controller -r Admin/UsersController

Within our previous routing example, our definition might look like this in the routes/web.php file:

Route::namespace('Admin')
    ->prefix('admin')
    ->group(function () {
        Route::resource('users', 'UsersController');
    });

Route Macros

The Router is macroable, which means if you have a group of routes that you want to provide via a package or reusable groups of route definitions, you can define a macro in a service provider.

For example, maybe you have some shopping route for an e-commerce store that you ship as a package, and allow users to override or customize some parts of the routes:

// Inside a service provider boot()

public function boot()
{
    Route::macro('shopRoutes', function ($prefix) {
        Route::group([
            'prefix' => $prefix,
            'middleware' => ['shopping'],
        ], function () {
            Route::get('products/{product}', 'ProductsController@show');
            // ...
        });
    });
}

Then the consumer could call the macro in a new Laravel application within routes/web.php:

collect(config('languages'))->each(function ($language) {
    Route::shopRoutes($language);
});

Or perhaps an alternate implementation might look like:

Route::macro('shopRoutes', function ($languages) {
    Route::group([
        'prefix' => '/{language}',
        'middleware' => ['shopping'],
        'where' => ['language' => implode('|', $languages)],
    ], function () {
        Route::get('products/{product}', 'ProductsController@show');
        // ...
    });
});

The macro examples are abstract, but you get the idea. I would suggest that you only use route macros if it makes sense to your use-case. You’ll know when the timing is right!

Debugging Routes

I appreciate that in a Laravel application, the web.php file (and api.php file) is a self-documenting file about the routes to which my application is capable of responding. I prefer to define every route instead of using resources because I appreciate the documentation aspect of this file.

If you find yourself trying to find a route or debugging all possible defined routes, the artisan route:list command is helpful:

artisan route:list
+--------+----------+----------+------+---------+--------------+
| Domain | Method   | URI      | Name | Action  | Middleware   |
+--------+----------+----------+------+---------+--------------+
|        | GET|HEAD | /        |      | Closure | web          |
|        | GET|HEAD | api/user |      | Closure | api,auth:api |
+--------+----------+----------+------+---------+--------------+

The route:list command is useful to see the name of the route and the attached middleware. Which brings me to the next tip, naming routes.

Named Group Routes

A common convention in Laravel is naming routes, which allows you to easily reference the name of the route and avoid hard-coding the root-relative URI in your templates. In some applications hard-coding the URI is fine, in other cases, the named routes allow the following:

{{ route('admin.users.show', ['user' => $user]) }}
{{-- /admin/users/2 --}}

When you are defining a group of routes, for example, our admin example, you can also prefix the name of the route on the group:

Route::namespace('Admin')
    ->prefix('admin')
    ->name('admin.')
    ->group(function () {
        Route::resource('users', 'UsersController');
    });

The above prefixed name would generate route names like the following for the users resource controller:

• admin.users.index
• admin.users.store
• admin.users.create
• admin.users.show
• admin.users.update
• admin.users.destroy
• admin.users.edit

Learn More

Read through the entire routing documentation and the resource controllers section of the controllers documentation. I reference the resource controllers section to try and ensure that most of my routes represent a REST verb and for route naming conventions.