The once()
function was originally inspired by this tweet by Taylor Otwell, made into a package by Spatie, and now finds its way into the core of Laravel framework in Laravel 11.
This helper ensures that you'll always get the same value no matter how many times you call an object method. The once function is helpful when you have some code that you want to ensure only ever runs one time.
Let’s use the new Laravel 11 make:class
Artisan command to demonstrate how it works:
php artisan make:class OnceDemo
Here’s the OnceDemo
code that demonstrates how memoization works:
<?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Support\Str;use Ramsey\Uuid\UuidInterface; class OnceDemo{ public function uuid(): UuidInterface { return Str::uuid(); } public function uuidOnce(): UuidInterface { return once(fn (): UuidInterface => $this->uuid()); }}
If you run the following PHP code without using the once()
helper, you’ll get a new UUID with each method call:
$demo = new App\OnceDemo; foreach (range(1,5) as $_) { echo $demo->uuid() . "\n";} /*9ee5dc3c-f34b-4424-827d-13b662bb0ce1ad9cca9d-4e98-4307-994c-c610df7c70acd642bc9e-d8bb-4bfe-a647-78b555b22e1c7968b5f2-80f4-40de-95e0-e1f576c37e6078b69cbb-07b3-45a4-b77b-edefb16f2782*/
However, if you run the same code using the once()
helper, you’ll get the same result each time:
$demo = new App\OnceDemo; foreach (range(1,5) as $_) { echo $demo->uuidOnce() . "\n";} /*5cdfa44b-5ae5-4b0f-8a6f-4b167307fa055cdfa44b-5ae5-4b0f-8a6f-4b167307fa055cdfa44b-5ae5-4b0f-8a6f-4b167307fa055cdfa44b-5ae5-4b0f-8a6f-4b167307fa055cdfa44b-5ae5-4b0f-8a6f-4b167307fa05*/
This method will always return the same object instance in our demo example, and you can verify this behavior:
$demo = new App\OnceDemo; foreach (range(1,5) as $_) { echo spl_object_id($demo->uuidOnce()) . "\n";} /*50755075507550755075*/
When running tests, the memoization function must be cleared after each test to ensure you are working in a pristine state. Laravel takes care of this detail for you in the base TestCase
class using the Once::flush();
method.
Shout out to Nuno Maduro, who implemented this feature in Pull Request #49744!